Computer Fundamentals 1st Sem Notes
UNIT - I
- Brief history of development of computers
- Computer system concepts, Basic components of a computer system – Control unit, ALU, Input/Output,
- Semiconductor Memory function and characteristics, Menory – RAM, ROM, EPROM, PROM and other types of memory
- Capabilities of Computer, Computer system characteristics
- limitations of Computer
- Generations of computers
- Analog & Digital & Hybrid Computers, General & Special Purpose computers
- Types of computers – Micro, Mini, Mainframe and Supercomputers Characteristics and area of Uses.Personal Computer PCs-evolution of PCs Notebook, Palmtop, PDA etc.
- configurations of PCs Pentium and Newer, PCs specifications and main characteristics
UNIT - II
- Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanners, Digitizing tablet, Digital Camera, MICR, OCR, OMR, Light pen, Barcode & Barcode Reader, Quick Response Code (QR Code), Voice Recognition, Touch Screen.
- Output Devices: Monitors- Characteristics and types of monitor, Size, Digital, Analog, Resolution, Refresh Rate, Interlaced / Non-Interlaced, Dot Pitch, Video Standard – VGA, SVGA, XGA etc. Printers and its Types Impact and Non-Impact printer, Dot Matrix, Inkjet, Laser, Plotter, 3D Printers, Sound Card and Speakers.
UNIT - III
- Storage Fundamentals Primary Vs Secondary Data Storage and Retrieval Methods – Sequential,
- Direct And Index Sequential,
- Various Storage Devices – Magnetic Disks, Hard Disk Drives, Floppy, Disks, Zip Drive, Optical Disks, CD, VCD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW,
- Video Disk, Blue Ray Disc, flash drives SD/MMC Memory cards, Solid-State Drive (SSD),
- Physical structure of floppy & hard disk, drive naming conventions in PC.
UNIT - IV
- Software and Its Need,
- Types of Software- System Software, Application Software, System Software-
- Operating System- definition & function,
- Device Drivers & Utili Programs,
- Introduction & Features of DOS, Windows, Programming Language Machine, Assembly, High Level, 4GL, their Merits and Demerits,
- Uses of Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreter.
- Application Software and its Types-
- Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation Graphics, Data Base Management,
- Desktop Publishing, communication, Educational, Graphics & Multimedia,
- Business Accounting, MIS, Gaming and ERP Software etc.
- Computer coding system-ASCII, ISCII and Unicode, Number system of computers- Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal their conversion
UNIT - IV
- Use of communication and IT, Communication Process, Component of communication- sender, receiver, transmission medium & protocol, Communication types-Simplex, Half Duplex, Full Duplex, Communication Channels-Twisted, Coaxial, Fiber Optic, Modem-Working and characteristics, Types of network-client/server and peer-to-peer networks, Types of connections-Dialup, Leased Lines, ISDN, DSL, RF, Broad band uses, advantages & disadvantages, Types of Network-LAN, WAN, MAN, Internet, VPN etc., Topologies of LAN-Ring, Bus, Star, Mesh and Tree topologies structure, uses, advantages & disadvantages, Components of LAN-Media, NIC, NOS, Network devices- Bridges, HUB, Routers, Repeater, Gateways uses, advantages & disadvantages.